The tremendous ongoing growth of wireless communications has increased spectrum shortfall and safety issues. A recent study on radio spectrum access suggests most of the licensed bands suffer from underutilization and less spectral occupancy of the spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is a new way to compensate the spectrum shortage problem of wireless environment. Spectrum sensing is a technique and important module in cognitive radio which sensed surrounding radio environment to determine the present or absence of the primary user (PU) in the licensed band. The main objective of this paper is a comprehensive study about the transmitter detection based spectrum sensing and the comparison among them. Finally, challenges associated with the spectrum sensing for CR are discussed in this paper.
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